Category Archives: Sustainability

New Science-Based Targets Initiative Framework for Financial Institutions

The collaborative efforts of environmental disclosure organization CDP, the United Nations Global Compact, the World Resources Institute (WRI), and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has developed a new system to determine appropriate carbon reduction targets for different entities. The Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTI) emphasizes the role of engagement with underlying assets to encourage companies to reduce their emissions and ignite climate action in such a way that is beneficial to them as well as the planet.

Nearly 1,000 companies in 50 sectors from coal and gas to pharmaceuticals have pledged to align their carbon reduction plans with the Paris Climate Accords by adopting science-based greenhouse gas reduction targets (SBTs).

A target framework has just been developed for banks and other financial institutions. SBTI has launched its first science-based target framework and validation service for financial institutions. Many of them encourage financial institutions to use what they have the most of – money – to effect a decrease in GHG emissions by, for example, using their large stock offerings to put pressure on heavy GHG emitting companies to reduce emissions permanently.

This has been well received. Dozens of banks worldwide previously declared they would work with SBTI standards, when finalized, to give them a framework to meet climate targets. SBTI uses the power of financial institutions to redirect capital to companies contributing to the clean energy and low-carbon, and away from those companies that adversely contribute to climate change.

Banks and financial institutes must also reduce their own GHG emissions. To be validated as meeting SBTI, Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions of a financial institution must meet an average annual decline at least 2.5%.

CCES has the experts to help you determine your carbon footprint, your greenhouse gas emissions from all sources, direct and indirect and develop cost-effective strategies to reduce these emissions in the future. Contact us today at 914-584-6720 or karell@CCESworld.com.

Clean Heat/Cooling Systems: Get Off Natural Gas

Just a few short years ago, natural gas was the way to go. We had to get off “dirty” oil or coal combustion to supply heat or power and switch to “clean” natural gas. After all, gas is cheaper, emits less greenhouse gases (GHGs) and toxic pollutants, is easier to maintain, and results in less wear and tear on equipment than oil or coal. Over the last decade many buildings made the switch to natural gas.

But, as it turned out, that led to problems. Despite plentiful natural gas due to fracking, some parts of the country developed shortages, particularly during cold winter periods. Also, while demand for natural gas grew, the infrastructure to bring gas to customers did not. As usual, infrastructure upgrades are not “sexy” and lag behind short-term growth.

Now, many utilities acknowledge that the necessary upgrades to gas infrastructure are too expensive and will take too long. For some, their coping strategy is to reduce natural gas demand – encourage buildings to get off gas and use other ways to heat.

Examples of other heating and cooling technologies include air source heat pumps (ASHPs), ground source heat pumps (GSHPs, or geothermal heat pumps), and solar hot water (SHW). These are proven technologies that have come down in price and are now incentivized in many places. They offer a number of benefits, including energy cost savings, increased comfort levels, and health benefits compared to gas combustion.

ASHPs provide efficient space heating and cooling to residential and commercial buildings, even in cold climates. An ASHP transfers heat from outside to inside a building, or vice versa, using a refrigerant involving a compressor and a condenser. Heat from outdoor air (even if cool) is absorbed by the refrigerant and released inside for heating. Similarly, heat from indoor air is transferred outdoors for cooling.

GSHPs also provide space heating and cooling, and, in some cases, using an indoor heat pump and a heat exchange ground loop buried underground to transfer heat between the ground and the building. Underground the temperature is normally constant around 51⁰F. That can be a source to cool indoor air in the summer or a source of warmth to bring to a building in the winter. Geology must be considered and space available to access the long piping needed to bring air back and forth from the building to an area below ground. The main energy use is electricity for fans, not a huge expenditure or greenhouse gas creator compared to gas combustion.

SHW collects thermal energy from the Sun to heat water for space heating, domestic hot water, and pool heating. Buildings that do not have sufficient roof space for a solar PV (electric) system may still have enough for SHW. Water is piped into an area below the SHW for heating. Solar air heating systems heat outside air drawn in. Temperature can be raised as much as 100⁰F before being ducted into the building’s HVAC system.

Historically, ASHPs and GSHPs have been quite expensive. Capital costs and O&M for such equipment have come down in recent years. In addition, many states and utilities offer robust monetary incentives to owners that install such systems, as they are trying to reduce their need to upgrade gas infrastructure and meet GHG reduction goals.

Given the challenges of gas and the gains in these technologies, it is worth it for a building owner to examine whether a “clean” technology is financially beneficial.

For those of you in Westchester County, NY considering clean heating & cooling technology, see https://sustainablewestchester.org/hscommercial/.

In Putnam County, NY, contact Bonnie@BrightEnergyServices.com to learn about the equipment and strong incentives.

CCES has the technical experts to help you determine whether you are a good candidate for a clean heating & cooling technology and whether it is financially beneficial to you in the short- and long-term to get rid of natural gas combustion and benefit from these systems. We can help you get the maximum incentives available. Contact us today at Karell@CCESworld.com or 914-584-6720.

How Lights Affect Your Health

This newsletter has had many articles about why your building should switch to light emitting diodes (LEDs). Electricity usage can be cut by 50 to 80% for the same amount of light depending on the original source of light. LEDs can be programmed to meet your needs (intensity, on-off/dimness, color temperature, etc.). And LED lights last much longer than fluorescent and incandescent lights, reducing the effort to replace bulbs or tubes in the ceiling, freeing up the maintenance crew for bigger projects and freeing up space and the number of backup lights in storage. However, with the growing concern about a healthy office environment, how can lights affect staff health and productivity?

There have been hundreds of studies done in the last 40 years showing links between long-term exposure to fluorescent lights and different negative health impacts. The basis of these problems is the quality of light that is emitted.

The theory is that humans have evolved based on light from the Sun. Artificial lights is a recent phenomenon, with the invention of electricity. Before that most light came from the Sun and our eyes and nervous system evolved to best use this source of light. However, with electricity and light bulbs people now have the ability to work at night and in spaces without windows. However, the light coming from an incandescent or fluorescent light is not the same light as that from the Sun.

The main difference is that the Sun exposes us to the full spectrum of visible light (all wavelengths) and many wavelengths outside the visible spectrum. Incandescents give off nearly the full visible spectrum, but not as much as sunlight. Fluorescents give off a limited spectrum. Of course, another difference is timing. Except for clouds (and even then some radiation reaches us), we are exposed to the Sun’s rays only during certain hours daily, which vary during the year. Artificial lights can be turned on at any time.

Many bodily functions depend on day-night cycles called circadian rhythms, developed by the daily rise and fall of the Sun. If one gets insufficient exposure to sunlight or gets exposed to lights at other times, one’s circadian rhythm may be affected which will alter a one’s hormones and body chemistry. Therefore, theoretically, getting less sunlight and more artificial lights can cause migraines, eye strain, sleep issues, depression, suppressed immune system, menstrual cycle disruption, anxiety, obesity, etc.

Besides the spectrum of wavelengths and length of time of exposure, another issue, specific with fluorescent lights is flickering. While such lights appear to be emitting light constantly, that is not true. Fluorescent lights are controlled by a ballast that pulses electricity. Therefore, light flickers. While it may not be detectible, our brains sub-consciously perceive the flicker, which departs from sunlight, contributing to migraines, anxiety, and other conditions.

How do LED lights do in regards to these factors? Fairly well. LED lights can be designed to emit the spectrum of wavelengths that one wants, including the full spectrum. Some manufacturers market LED bulbs that supposedly mimic sunlight’s spectrum. LED lights may flicker, but that is not due to the nature of the bulb (unlike a fluorescent), but due to the ballast feeding power.

A few years ago, the French equivalent to the US FDA issued a warning that intense light from LED bulbs can cause eye damage. However, that has not been corroborated in other studies. Currently, no country regulates LED lights vis-à-vis exposure.

In conclusion, it is best to light your office using sunlight, as much as possible, to mimic its rhythm to correspond to staff’s circadian rhythm. But if that is impossible, it is best to convert from incandescent and fluorescent lights to LEDs to get the full spectrum and minimize flickering.

CCES has the experts to help your facility to design and install the right lights to save you significant electricity costs and to help optimize your staff’s health and productivity and realize the savings and advantages to your business. Contact us today at karell@CCESworld.com or at 914-584-6720.

Need To Tighten Your Building? Look At Windows

Up until recently, tightening your building envelope was the last thing a building owner invested in. The amount of money that had to be spent, the disruption to operations of tenants inside, and total electricity savings for cooling and gas/oil for heating was just not worth it. Simple paybacks of 15 or more years made such projects not worthwhile.

The weakest point of a building envelope is the window. Windows are clear, one’s outlook to the world. But even a “good” window will not keep conditioned air in a building from escaping as well as even a “bad” wall, given its construction and material. While one would be tempted to build a windowless building, it sure would be hard to lease; who would want to work or live in a windowless space? However, replacing windows has a long payback. Building owners in most cases literally would rather wait for their windows to break or openly leak drafts of air before replacing.

But there has literally been a revolution in recent years in technologies for windows to strongly consider if you need to cut energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions and meet new complex rules, such as New York City’s Local Law 97.

Window inserts from IEG can be installed to improve the insulation properties of windows greatly. They have been shown to improve the comfort level of building or storefront window and decrease noise proliferation, as well. Each one can be installed in a matter of minutes, minimally disrupting tenants, with no demolition and construction and no scaffolding. Recent testing by an independent firm showed that these inserts increase the overall window U factor by 50-63% (the lower the U, the better the window insulates). And inserts are more economical. Recent proposals to add them to windows in several high-rise office buildings showed a payback of 6 years, better than 15 years if replacing existing windows. See https://www.ienergy-group.com/

A different approach is to replace old single-pane and even double-pane windows with triple-pane windows with gas filling the gaps which can offer greater insulation. They not only allow users to be more comfortable but reduce nighttime condensation and allow surface temperature to be close to room temperature.

Thin triple pane-designed windows can improve window insulation by about 40%. Given the increase in the amount of material and engineering, it will be more expensive than a double-pane replacement. However, as material costs have dropped in recent years, the price differential has dropped, as well.

In addition, to window inserts or triple-pane windows, the building owner can use other strategies to improve the building envelope, such as external shading and maximizing windows where the sun shines can also allow building owners to save energy use.

CCES can provide for your firm specific workable strategies to improve your building envelope so you waste less energy without impacting your operations– and project manage what you select to ensure the savings and for you to get the best workmanship for the right price. Contact us today at 914-584-6720 or at karell@CCESworld.com.

The Importance of Staying Careful

We engineers understand the concept of deviation from the norm. While a process and all its steps have been worked out, it is second nature for engineers, workers, businesspeople, etc. to gradually introduce shortcuts, “improvements”, “innovations” to the procedures. Next thing you know, the process has changed with or without the approval of those tasked with maintaining it.

I observed this once a couple of decades ago. I was performing an air emissions inventory for a major chemical manufacturer. I was given the recipes of some of the compounds they were manufacturing. I analyzed the equipment, chemicals, processes, etc. to estimate which emissions at which steps from which equipment at which rate. Things were going well and I was developing the emissions profile for a certain 100+- step process. I went into the production area with my recipe to confirm what was going on. When I discussed the steps with some of the workers, they quickly pointed out that many of the steps of the recipe had been changed. It was no longer current. They were changed for various reasons (they wanted a step to proceed faster, they wanted to save water or other chemical usage, etc.), but were changed without telling management. The yields of the compounds were still good and nobody in Management suspected a thing. I informed Management who investigated and saw that major changes had been made. They turned out not to cause any significant change in quality or yield, but certainly upset a lot of people that changes were made out of convenience without informing supervisors. Deviation is a normal process but should not be a habit.

So when performing any function, new project, etc. be careful to stick to the plan. There is method to what might appear to be madness. If you object or believe an alternative way would benefit the company, tell your managers and clearly communicate your hopes and concerns. Don’t just make changes on your own, even if they appear to be “innocent” ones or merely tiny deviations from the steps.

Why do I point this out? Our lives have changed because of COVID-19. It is now pretty established what we must do to protect ourselves and our communities: in public, wear a mask that covers the nose and mouth; social distance, where possible; and wash hands and disinfect surfaces often with soap- or alcohol-based cleaning products. But again, with anything that is done repetitively over time, there is the temptation to make a few changes, import some short cuts, let one’s guard down, say it is all right to not wear my mask this one time. This is not good. Unlike a minor change that may have no effect on the process, a minor change that introduces the coronavirus into your body can be deadly – not just to you, but to others, as well.

And don’t forget, the coronavirus does not have a brain. It cannot be cowered or shamed by a politician. It does not say “You’re careless, but you are nice, so I won’t enter your body.” It doesn’t give mulligans. While we can analyze a chemical or other process and evaluate the effects of changes, one deviation in practice can be fatal for the coronavirus.

Be careful and safe everybody and don’t let down your guard!

CCES has the experts to help you plan to address health & safety issues and energy and environmental issues of all types for your company, building, and space. Contact us today at karell@CCESworld.com or at 914-584-6720.

Take Advantage of These Times And Upgrade

Who could have imagined it? Your building, your space is empty or nearly so. Your staff is working from home. Your downtown with fewer cars, buses, subways, even fewer pedestrians and shoppers. This is what the COVID-19 pandemic has done.

If you are the property owner or manager, these are difficult times. You are worried about your own and your staff’s health. Many of your tenants have told their staff to stay home, yet you need to continue to spend energy to cool/de-humidify the spaces at least somewhat to prevent mold or other impacts. And maybe some of these tenants are not even paying you the rent. No one knows the long-term impacts of returning to “normal”. How will your city bounce back in the short- and long-terms?

So why upgrade now? Why pay attention to energy at all? Because there is a strong belief by many that commercial real estate will go through major changes, especially in the long-term and we finally put COVID-19 behind us. Will tenants return even when the pandemic is over? Will some return, but as a smaller version of themselves because more people are working form home?

Whatever the exact answers to these questions will be in your area, it is likely that there will be a glut of commercial real estate. Renters will enjoy a surplus of choices when their current leases terminate. What can a property manager/owner do? Now is the time to invest. Make your spaces more user friendly so you become more competitive in this market. Prepare your spaces for the next health concern with more space between stations and health stations available, too.

And also upgrade to reduce energy waste. However things turn out, it is likely that revenue for a building owner will not reach pre-pandemic levels – at least not for awhile. Therefore, it will be imperative to cut costs, and energy is a good one to cut, as there is much waste in energy usage and many strategies to reduce such waste pays back the initial cost in a reasonable amount of time. Then you have long-term cost savings to pass on to your potential tenants and can demonstrate that yours is a superior building. Both of these will put you in a competitive position.

Reducing energy waste is quite achievable. There have been great improvements in technology to save energy. However, many effective upgrades may involve making capital and/or structural changes to a building, such as your boilers or HVAC systems and the piping that comes from them, replacing or upgrading windows, and replacing failed steam traps, some deep in the walls. But keep in mind, if there is ever a good time to do such projects, it is NOW for two reasons.

First, capital is now easy to access. Yes, upfront capital costs of such upgrades and technologies may be daunting, but interest rates are at historic lows. Energy upgrades have the deserved reputation of highly profitable investments. Therefore, firms that specialize in loaning money for energy projects will charge lower interest rates than for other loans because the returns are high and risk of failure low. A well-designed upgrade can have ROIs of 20, 30, 40% or more return per year. So, borrowing at, say, 7% interest to move forward on a project that will return 25% per year is a “no-brainer”. And with PACE financing, the process is even simpler.

Another factor why now is the time to do even complex upgrades is that there are fewer tenants in the building. Property managers by nature are afraid of any effort that might disrupt the lives of a tenant. But in these days with many tenant spaces currently empty or under-utilized, this is the time to implement a major upgrade, such as equipment replacements, new windows or inserts, or breaking walls to get inside them to replace steam traps, while only minimally inconveniencing your tenants. And they’ll appreciate the cost savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions. Better to do these project “now” than after the tenants return to business “as normal” and then you need to scramble to cut costs.

Energy conservation and waste reduction are items you the property manager can get not only great financial benefit from but it will also put you in a more competitive position to attract good, reliable tenants. With many offices empty or under-utilized and money plentiful, NOW is the time to do smart, capital-intensive projects to save significant long-term costs, while cheap money is available, and inconveniencing few.

CCES has the experts to help you develop a plan and project manage your energy upgrade using cost-effective strategies to get the greatest energy cost reductions in the smoothest way. Contact us today at 914-584-6720 or at karell@CCESworld.com.

White House Issues Executive Orders to Bypass Env. Rules to Aid Economic Recovery

In May and June, President Trump issued several Executive Orders (one: https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/eo-accelerating-nations-economic-recovery-covid-19-emergency-expediting-infrastructure-investments-activities/) to address the economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on certain infrastructure, transportation, and civil works projects. The Orders are intended to expedite infrastructure projects by requiring agencies to take “all reasonable measures to speed infrastructure investments”, including exercising the emergency statutory provisions of various federal environmental regulations in order to bypass their procedural requirements. These apply to projects undertaken and managed by federal agencies, such as the Dept of Transportation, Dept of the Interior, Dept of Energy, Defense Dept, and Army Corps of Engineers.

Citing the state of emergency as a result of the pandemic, the Executive Orders also direct federal agencies to invoke specific emergency authorities found in federal environmental rules, such as NEPA, ESA, CWA, CAA, and others to shorten or eliminate environmental regulatory procedures to hasten projects to better expedite an economic recovery.

For example, the Order encourages agencies to utilize the emergency regulations and procedures under NEPA by allowing agencies to consult with the White House-based Council on Environmental Quality to develop “alternative arrangements” in emergency circumstances. These include statutory exemptions and categorical exclusions.

The Order calls on agencies to review and exercise all opportunities and guidance documents that may provide waivers, exemptions, or other streamlining with regard to agency actions on infrastructure, energy, environmental, or natural resources matters.

Agencies are also directed to:
• identify rules that may slow economic recovery and take legal actions to rescind, modify, or waive them;
• grant extensions of time in enforceable agreements that may harm recovery;
• use, if possible, any emergency authorities available to support economic growth.

Given it is likely that these Orders will be challenged in court, businesses should not believe that environmental rules will go away for them. The Orders may not offer a permanent waiver of legal requirements under federal environmental rules for a project. Therefore, the principals of any project may be subject to future challenges should it skirt established environmental standards.

CCES has the experts to provide technical assistance on compliance with federal and state environmental rules for any proposed project (Please consult legal counsel for determination of legal compliance). Our experts have decades of experience helping diverse processes comply with such air pollution rules. Contact us today at 914-584-6720 or at karell@CCESworld.com.

Re-Opening Commercial Office Space For Viral Safety

More and more regions are allowing businesses to re-open despite a very contagious virus to offset the mounting financial losses of tenant companies, building owners, and employees. The intention, of course, is to allow commerce and other activities, while minimizing any new increase in COVID-19 cases or at least being better prepared to handle a spike in hospital admissions. This balance is the “new normal”.
But even with more businesses opening, the public is wary. Will they have the confidence to come out to shop, eat, work, etc. in your building? It is impossible to bring the risk of infection within a space to zero. But what can building managers do to minimize the risk of coronavirus infection of staff and customers?

Low-cost building upgrades and policies.

1. Communication. Signage, messages of CDC guidelines for people to see

2. Show safe movement. Map travel patterns within tenant, common space

3. Personal limits. Limit capacity of key places, such as conference rooms, kitchenettes

4. Change cleaning procedures. Increase disinfection frequency of high-touch surfaces

5. Provide personal disinfectants. Wipes and hand sanitizer stations

6. New seating arrangements, including installing shields between open desks

7. Automatic, non-touch equipment in restrooms.

8. Take temperature of all employees daily and of guests.

Technical guidance on changes to HVAC systems

Currently, information from major professional organizations focuses on person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus as the primary public health concern, ahead of HVAC operation, where airborne transmission is possible, but not considered high risk. However, changes in HVAC operations can reduce the risk of potential virus exposure. ASHRAE’s Epidemic Task Force recommends:

1. Increase outdoor ventilation (as much as possible) by enabling outside air economizers more often and by opening dampers.

2. Improve filtration to MERV-13 or highest efficiency level feasible. Often not noted is the importance of sealing filters properly to prevent bypass.

3. Provide additional outside air both before and after occupancy daily.

Of course, these changes to the HVAC system comes at a cost: increased energy usage and cost. An evaluation of additional energy use of extending HVAC use hours, upgrading to MERV 13 from MERV 8 filters, and letting in an additional 50% outside air above minimum found that overall these changes together would cause an increase of 3-5% in building energy usage for a typical office building, depending on climate region.

CCES has the experts to help your firm plan for your re-entry into your facility and do so in a safe and economical way. Be safe and do the right thing. We can help. Contact us today at 914-584-6720 or at karell@CCESworld.com.

Yes, It’s Time to Think About Energy & Sustainability

As I write this, we are in, perhaps, the most difficult period of our lives. We are mostly holed up at home and seeing how tens of thousands of fellow Americans have died (so far) from COVID-19 caused by exposure of the novel coronavirus and millions of people have lost their livelihoods or had their companies gravely damaged, as a result. It will be months, if not a year or two, before things get back to “normal”, if that is possible again.

But I maintain that this is the time to begin to think about your business’ energy profile and how to use it to your advantage when things move toward normal. The vast majority of businesses have been impacted by the pandemic. Those that survive when the worst of this passes will suffer great losses, possibly in the trillions of dollars in revenue. Certainly, there will be changes in the way business will be done.

What might those changes be? Many people are working from home now. Might it stay that way when people can commute to their offices again? What are the real estate implications of this? Many companies will need to reconfigure their offices. Some will learn from this and look to add more space with the same number of staff (office social distancing). Some will downsize their space as staff will continue to work from home.

Another given is that companies will need to make up for the shortfall of revenue of many months. Getting your product, sales, delivery, and other systems running again and reliable for your customers is important. And there will certainly be gimmicks and other inducements to get customers back.

However, part of the equation for being a viable business again is to cut expenses, and a great way to do this is through sustainability. What can you do to make your business more sustainable, your staff more healthy and productive, and cut back on energy and water usage and waste generation? As you await the end of the lockdown and prepare for your business to operate again, take some time to plan actions your business will implement to be more sustainable, have your staff more productive, and reduce those pesky expenses, by being more energy efficient.

Here is a true story that just happened. In February, I presented an industrial client a proposal to change their fluorescent lighting to LEDs. With utility incentives, the client would have to lay out $6,000, but would save about $70,000 in avoided energy costs in 5 years. What a deal! But they turned it down. They said they would go to the local hardware store, buy the LEDs, and install them themselves; after all, they were very handy. Well, March came with all of our issues with lockdowns and the client certainly did not have the time to go out and buy the LED tubes. The company, like so many others, is still operating, but has seen a significant drop in revenue. They realized they have to react to this by cutting expenses; they have asked for a new proposal for LEDs.

In your preparation to re-start or bring your company back to where it was, give some serious thought to energy conservation and sustainability to give your business a better footing to weather future situations.

CCES has the experts to help find ways to reduce your energy and water usage, saving potentially significant costs for you. We have saved others both cost and greenhouse gas emissions. Contact us today at 914-584-6720 or at karell@CCESworld.com.

Reduced Activity Caused by COVID-19 Leads to Drop in GHG and Other Air Emissions

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have fallen sharply since the growth and spread of COVID-19 as activity from business and travel has slowed, according to experts. For example, according to a BBC report, traffic levels are down by about 35% and carbon monoxide levels are down by nearly 50% in New York City compared to the same time last year.

Closures of factories in China during the outbreak caused a significant drop in smog levels. Air pollution levels in Italy have dropped, too. In both nations, millions of people were kept under lockdown or quarantine to slow the virus, reducing business and other activities. The decline in emissions has been confirmed by NASA and European Space Agency satellites. In the US, where 50% of car trips take people to or from work or school, where so many have been closed, similar declines are expected.
According to https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-51944780, by May, scientists predict that GHG emissions may be at their lowest levels recorded in a decade, since the Great Recession.

One area where the business slump will significantly reduce GHG emissions is the airline industry as some studies believe CO2 emissions from air travel may have a disproportionate effect on heat trapping. The severe slump that the airlines are facing would mean significant reductions in their contribution. Therefore, airlines are expected to push back against proposed European climate change taxes meant to address the industry’s outsized effects.

There is concern by many in the environmental field that this downward spikes in GHG and other emissions are temporary and will result in a bounce back when economic conditions return to close to normal. In fact, there may be a major increase in emissions as people “catch up” on lost travel and other manufacturing opportunities. This has been observed after financial crises and terrorist attacks as those reductions in economic activity, such as certain manufacturing, driving, and air travel were temporary and then bounce back. On the other hand, some are predicting that social distancing practices that many are implementing, such as more home cooking, remote meetings and working and learning from home, may gain traction and become the norm even after activity approaches normal again, cutting back on manufacturing, transportation, and agricultural GHG and other emissions in the long-term.

CCES has the experts to help you assess your greenhouse gas and other air toxic emissions from your operations and project future emissions in a recovery or for other changes. Contact us today at 914-584-6720 or at karell@CCESworld.com.